Deuterium

NFPA 704;
	3 4 0 Deuterium

Deuterium
	Deuterium Fluid Icon
Properties
Type	Gas
Made With/By	Deuterium Cells, Cryo-Electrolysis
Exists in Reality	Yes
Temperature	~20°C
Renewable?	Somewhat renewable
Warnings
NFPA 704;
	3 4 0 Deuterium

Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol ²H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other is protium, or hydrogen-1). The deuterium nucleus, called a deuteron, contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more common protium has no neutrons in the nucleus.

Deuterium has a natural abundance in Earth's oceans of about one atom of deuterium among every 6,420 atoms of hydrogen (see heavy water). Thus deuterium accounts for about 0.0156% by number (0.0312% by mass) of all hydrogen in the oceans: 4.85×10¹³ tonnes of deuterium – mainly in form of HOD (or ¹HO²H or ¹H²HO) and only rarely in form of D₂O (or ²H₂O) – in 1.4×10¹⁸ tonnes of water.

In Nuclear Tech Mod, Deuterium is an important fluid, being primarily used as fuel in the Fusion Reactor, alongside Tritium to produce Deuterium-Tritium Plasma (see Plasma Heater).

Deuterium is a dark-blue, flammable, combustible gas with a high fuel grade, providing 5.0kTU and 10.0kHE per bucket. Although being stated as a high fuel grade gas, Deuterium is not efficient to produce energy as stated earlier by how much energy it produces per bucket, the "high" fuel grade can probably be linked to the fact it is used in the Fusion Reactor as its main fuel.

Production

Deuterium can be produced in a few ways, two of those being in machines called the Deuterium Extractor and the Deuterium Extraction Tower, where regular Water goes in, and outputs Heavy Water, which is the product used to produce Deuterium.

With the Heavy Water, you can make Deuterium in a Chemical Plant in the following way:

Chemical Plant Recipes
Inputs	Recipe
Chemistry Template: Heavy Water Cryo-Electrolysis Production Time: 7.5 seconds Inputs: Heavy Water Produces: Deuterium, Liquid Oxygen	2,000mB 200mB 200mB

Another way of producing Deuterium is through the Electrolysis Machine, with an identical recipe to the above chemical plant recipe.

Uses

Deuterium has a few ways of being used, primarily, as stated earlier, Deuterium is used alongside Tritium in the Plasma Heater, a machine used also with the Fusion Reactor to produce all the different plasmas the mod offers. But other than that it also has a few other uses, some of them being in a Assembly Machine, these are all ways it can be used in the machine:

Assembly Machine Recipes
Inputs	Recipe
Assembly Template: Thermonuclear Warhead Production Time: 25.0 seconds	12 12 8 8 8 4
Assembly Template: Tritium-Deuterium-Cake Production Time: 7.5 seconds	6 2 4
Assembly Template: Deuterium Tank Production Time: 10.0 seconds	12 16 10
Assembly Template: Plasma Grenade Production Time: 15.0 seconds	3 2

And another use of Deuterium is in a regular Crafting Table. Being used to make a Makeshift Energy Core, a item used to power machines, and armors. It is made in the following recipe:

Note: The Tritium and Deuterium cells can be switched places, still being able to produce the Makeshift Energy Core.

Trivia

The name deuterium comes from Greek deuteros, meaning "second". Deuterium was discovered by American chemist Harold Urey in 1931. Urey and others produced samples of heavy water in which the deuterium content had been highly concentrated. The discovery of deuterium won Urey a Nobel Prize in 1934.
Deuterium is destroyed in the interiors of stars faster than it is produced. Other natural processes are thought to produce only an insignificant amount of deuterium. Nearly all deuterium found in nature was produced in the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, as the basic or primordial ratio of ²H to ¹H (about 26 atoms of deuterium per million hydrogen atoms) has its origin from that time.
- This is the ratio found in the gas giant planets, such as Jupiter. The analysis of deuterium–protium ratios in comets found results very similar to the mean ratio in Earth's oceans (156 atoms of deuterium per million hydrogen atoms). This reinforces theories that much of Earth's ocean water is of cometary origin.
The 62-ton Ivy Mike device built by the United States and exploded on 1 November 1952, was the first fully successful "hydrogen bomb" (thermonuclear bomb). In this context, it was the first bomb in which most of the energy released came from nuclear reaction stages that followed the primary nuclear fission stage of the atomic bomb.
- The Ivy Mike bomb was a factory-like building, rather than a deliverable weapon. At its center, a very large cylindrical, insulated vacuum flask or cryostat, held cryogenic liquid deuterium in a volume of about 1000 liters (160 kilograms in mass, if this volume had been completely filled).
- Funnily enough, in Nuclear Tech Mod, the Deuterium Tank item earlier shown being able to be produced in the Assembly Machine, is used in theIvy Mike the mod offers, being a item used in the stages of detonation of the bomb. Without it, the bomb isn't able to explode.

External Links

Deuterium Wikipedia Page

Gallery

A Deuterium Cell, containing each 1000mB of the Deuterium fluid.
Deuterium isotope highlighted on a truncated table of nuclides for atomic numbers 1 through 29. Number of neutrons starts at zero and increases downward. Number of protons starts at one and increases rightward. Stable isotopes in blue.
Deuterium discharge tube
Harold Urey, deuterium's discoverer
The "Sausage" device casing of the Ivy Mike H bomb, attached to instrumentation and cryogenic equipment. The 20-ft-tall bomb held a cryogenic Dewar flask with room for 160 kg of liquid deuterium.